The theory of everything (TOE) is a theory that fully explains and links
together all known physical phenomena. Nevertheless
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After Albert
Einstein's general theory of relativity was published in 1915, the search for
the theory of everything combining gravity with electromagnetism began. Though
Einstein thought it was possible to find such a theory, many physicists thought
the task was impossible. The "doubting Thomases" continue to this day.
Albert Einstein believed that a theory combining gravity with
electromagnetism would have the ability to fully explain and link together all
known physical phenomena. I agree.
Sadly, Albert Einstein died trying to
find such a theory. Though he never found it, he left behind a very valuable
hint. The hint lies in his mass-energy equivalence formula. Using basic physics,
I'll attempt to uncover the theory of everything (TOE) that's buried deep within
Einstein's mass-energy equivalence formula.
EINSTEIN'S MASS-ENERGY
EQUIVALENCE
In physics, mass-energy equivalence is the concept that mass
is energy
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expressed using the mass-energy equivalence formula
E = mc2
where
E = energy,
m = mass,
c2 = the speed of light
squared.
NEWTON'S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
F = ma (force equals mass
multiplied by acceleration) is the second law of motion proposed by Sir Isaac
Newton.
F = ma teaches us that accelerating or enlarging an object
increases its force.
For example, a car hitting a brick wall while
accelerating to 100 mileshour hits the wall more forcefully than a car
accelerating to 10 mileshour, if both cars have the same mass. Likewise, a
10-pound bowling ball hits bowling pins more forcefully than a 1-pound bowling
ball, if both balls accelerate at the same speed.
F = ma can be
rewritten as m = Fa.
Therefore Einstein's mass-energy equivalence
formula "E = mc2" can be rewritten as "E = Fa x c2."
EQUIVALENCE
PRINCIPLE
Albert Einstein's equivalence principle states that
acceleration and gravity are equivalent.
Two scenarios illustrate this.
First Scenario: Let's suppose you're standing in your kitchen holding a
cup of coffee. You release the cup. The cup falls to the kitchen
floor
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Second
Scenario: Let's suppose you jumped out of a highflying airplane while holding a
cup of coffee. You're free-falling weightlessly. You release the cup. The cup
floats weightlessly next to you; spilled coffee floats weightlessly next to you
and the cup.
In the first scenario, you're under gravity's influence.
You're gravitating instead of accelerating. In the second scenario, you're under
acceleration's influence. You're accelerating instead of gravitating.
By
substituting for gravity, acceleration can cancel gravity's effects. In fact,
acceleration and gravity are the same thing! Now you know why astronauts float
weightlessly within an accelerating space shuttle orbiting the Earth.
Using "g" to symbolize gravity, Einstein's mass-energy equivalence
formula "E = Fa x c2" can be rewritten as "E = Fg x c2."
ELECTROMAGNETIC
ENERGY
Electromagnetic energy is a specific type of energy.
Examples of electromagnetic energy are radio frequencies,
microwaves
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visible radiation (light), ultraviolet light, x-rays, and gamma rays.
Using "EM" to symbolize electromagnetic energy, Einstein's mass-energy
equivalence formula "E = Fg x c2" can be rewritten as "EM = Fg x c2."
THEORY OF EVERYTHING (TOE)
"EM = Fg x c2" combines gravity with
electromagnetism
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everything. So we can stop rewriting Einstein's mass-energy equivalence formula.
Since "EM = Fg x c2" focuses on electromagnetic energy and force per gravity, we
can rename this formula "electromagnetic-energy and force-per-gravity
equivalence."
This formula states that electromagnetic energy equals
force divided by gravity multiplied by the speed of light squared. In other
words, electromagnetic energy and force per gravity are equivalent - the same
thing!
Theory of Everything: Electromagnetic-Energy and
Force-per-Gravity Equivalence
Formula: EM = Fg x c2
where
EM = electromagnetic energy,
F = force,
g = gravity,
c2 =
the speed of light squared.
Notice that electromagnetic energy and
gravity are inversely related. The stronger the gravity, the weaker the
electromagnetic energy. The weaker the gravity
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GRAVITATIONAL REDSHIFT
You may be wondering, "Are
electromagnetic energy and gravity really inversely related? And if so, why?" To
answer your questions, we need to turn our attention to a phenomenon called
gravitational redshift.
Gravitational redshift occurs when
electromagnetic energy such as a light beam escapes from a gravitational field.
As the light beam escapes, its color shifts toward red. Red means that the light
beam has lost energy, has a longer wavelength, and appears to travel slower in
time.
Gravity's ability to stretch a light beam's wavelength
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ability to slow down a light beam's speed doesn't make sense; because the speed
and frequency of light can't be changed.